Colorimetric detection of explosives involves applying a chemical reagent to an unknown material or sample and observing a color reaction. An explosive or explosive material is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure. Explosive detection transportation security administration. The basic idea of plastic explosives, also called plastic bonded explosives pbx, is to combine explosive chemicals with a plastic binder material. Explosives leading the way in explosives technology epc groupes evolution started with the production and use of explosives. A purification process makes it significantly more thermally stable than stipulated in military specifications. Simex can be pneumatically loaded from pressure vessel type loading equipment, however the explosive is not suitable for use with nonpressurised types of pneumatic loading equipment. This manuscript describes a protocol to measure the minimum pressure required for sustained burning of waterbased emulsion explosives. Manta has 305 companies under explosives manufacturers in the united states. Analysis and trends requires a detonator for an efficient explosion variations contain rdx or petn in a mixture with a polymeric binder contains a rubber binder that allows the explosive to remain pliable widely considered as the plastic explosive of choice.
Specialist company offering impartial, independent, worldclass consultancy and project management services in the fields of armed violence reduction, counterproliferation, ddr, disarmament, demilitarization, explosive ordnance disposal eod, explosive engineering and security sector reform ssr. Managing potentially explosive chemical pec inventory expiration emails login to chematix and click the inventory tabclick the generate pec expiration aging report link under the subheader hazard maintenance. Tnc is used in ignition compositions andor as catalyst for the combustion of. Semtex was developed and manufactured in czechoslovakia, originally under the name b 1 and then under the semtex designation since 1964, labeled as semtex 1a, since 1967 as semtex h and since 1987 as semtex 10.
The export of this explosive was completely prohibited in 1989. Explosives, mining explosives, explosive storage magazines. Though related to cl20 in that is shares the same cage structure, tex is more easily synthesized in good yield from inexpensive starting materials. Explosives manufacturers companies in the united states manta. The existing large installed base of 15,000 ims instruments make this technology viable as a crime scene detection tool and the already proven use of detection canine teams also makes this approach a viable alternative to other instrumental detectors. C 8 no 2 8 is a high explosive that, like tnt, is shockinsensitive not readily detonated by shock. It applies to everyone involved in explosives operations of any kind at air force, air national guard and air force reserveowned or leased facilities and. It identifies hazards and states safety precautions and rules when working with explosives. If you have questions about tsa or the information presented here, please contact our asktsa customer care team on twitter or facebook.
Any simulated materials are inert and are not to be removed or replaced. The physical and explosive properties of erythritol tetranitrate etn are described herein. It summarizes the main features of an explosion and the characteristics of one of. The most powerful nonnuclear explosives in the world discussion in military forum started by fahad.
The material was plastic between 0 and 40 degrees c, but was brittle at colder temperatures and gummy at higher temperatures. C4, or composition 4, is one variety of plastic explosive. Click the radio button next to the chemical to be updated. Pbx, is to combine explosive chemicals with a plastic binder material. Explosive properties of erythritol tetranitrate request pdf. Explosive detection is a nondestructive inspection process to determine whether a container contains explosive material.
Search or browse our list of explosives manufacturers companies by category or location. Explosion of improvised explosive device effects on structures abstract this article deals with the matter of the protection from terrorist blasting, which has a high importance, since these kinds of activities occur almost on daily basis. You may also use the search by keyword function to search for products and services within explosives. Among its directives, nfpa 652 outlines deadlines for sampling and analysis to identify potential risk areas for dust explosions in industrial facilities. It will discuss the theory behind aging studies as well as aging studies performed on bulk powder and several devices containing hnsiv explosive. The use of colorimetric test kits for explosive detection is one of the most established.
In 1981, its export into dangerous countries was forbidden, and the export was only permitted to the countries of the warsaw treaty. Although there are also civilian applications, a number of hightechnology militaries have developed insensitive high explosives ihe, which are desensitized in a manner that makes it unlikely that they will explode other than when intended to explode by their custodians. It is used in commercial blasting, demolition, and in certain military applications. Click the generate pec expiration aging report link under the subheader hazard maintenance click the radio button next to the chemical to be updated click update expiry date button. Manufacture of explosives, storage of more than 2000kg of explosives, or manufacture and storage of anbi please complete the application form lp41 and attach a draft licence, which should include the following. The explosive of yellow colour manufactured from crystalline ammonium nitrate. A good way to achieve a deeper squat immediately is to stand on a small plate with your heels only, this allows you to reach greater depth without requiring more mobility.
It is manufactured as a continuous roll of varying lengths and thicknesses for a wide range of applications. Freely after ring magazine the issue of september 17, 1998. Tnc is used in ignition compositions andor as catalyst for the combustion of airbags automotive safety. Hnsiv explosive properties and characterization tests. Advisory procedure for the batching of destex explosive in a. Although the chemical structure of etn is simple and its preparation is undemanding, this explosive is. For example, in the presence of 55% nitric acid diethylene glycol may be oxidized to diglycolic acid or cleaved at the ether and oxidized to oxalic acid1. The first manufactured plastic explosive was gelignite in 1875, invented by alfred nobel. This product is solely for the purpose of training and the customer represents and warrants that this product will not be used outside of a controlled training environment. The british used a plastic explosive during world war ii as a demolition charge. Its replacement, which is now in full production, is called imx101 and is much safer to handle and store than tnt, yet equally effective on the battlefield. Semtex 10 mistakes freely after ring magazine the issue of september 17, 1998 countless newspaper articles were published on semtex explosive that describe, with greater or smaller measure of authenticity and acquaintance, the properties of this explosive and speak about the cases of misuse with expertness. A positive indication of an explosive threat from a perfect sensor does not mean that an explosive is present. It is type classified and qualified to milprf46676 for use by united states military.
In this paper, the production method of epx1 was described. Characteristics of a new plastic explosive named epx1. Preliminary investigation of the effects of tex on daphnia and cell cultures show slightly lower toxicity than rdx. Manufacture of explosives, storage of more than 2000kg of. They are both plastic explosives which combine one or more explosive chemical compounds with oils and plasticizers. Development and manufacture of an insensitive composition. Semtex 1 a was mainly used locally, semtex h was exported abroad, especially to vietnam for clearing of mines and pyrotechnical works. The use of colorimetric test kits for explosive detection is one of the most established, simplest, and most widely used methods for the detection of explosives. Merger driven explosive evolution of distant galaxies minor mergers article pdf available in astrophysical bulletin 684 september 20 with 25 reads how we measure reads. This paper will discuss the tests typically used to characterize the explosive.
Here you will find a comprehensive list of products and suppliers of explosives. Expiration emails potentially explosive chemical pec. Development and manufacture of an insensitive composition b. If your supervisor has any questions or doubts, he should consult the manufacturer before use. Hexanitrostilbene hns, also called jdx, is an organic compound with the formula o 2 n 3 c 6 h 2 ch 2. Army as a main charge explosive and composition b replacement type system qualification testing will be performed in fy 2012 pax48 formerly osx8 dnan, hmx, and nto for mortars and directfire ammunition qualified by the u. It is produced by oxidizing trinitrotoluene tnt with a solution of sodium hypochlorite. In reality, neither a perfect sensor nor a signal that is completely noisefree exists. The development of a semtex h simulant for terahertz spectroscopy. The johns hopkins apl technical digest is an unclassified technical journal published quarterly by the applied physics laboratory. Tex chemical name 4,10dinitro2,6,8,12tetraoxa4,10diazatetracyclo5. The objective of the publication is to communicate the work performed at the laboratory to its sponsors and to the scientific and engineering communities, defense.
This product contains no explosive or incendiary materials. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The development of a semtexh simulant for terahertz. Countless newspaper articles were published on semtex explosive that describe, with greater or smaller measure of authenticity and acquaintance, the properties of this explosive and speak about the cases of misuse with expertness.
Simex can be pneumatically loaded from pressure vessel type loading equipment, however the explosive is not suitable for use with nonpressurised types of pneumatic loading equipment market. The most powerful nonnuclear explosives in the world. Plastic explosive is a soft and handmoldable solid form of explosive material. Approximately 73 percent of the total outstanding shares of spectra energy.
Semtex is a generalpurpose plastic explosive containing rdx and petn. Within the field of explosives engineering, plastic explosives are also known as putty explosives plastic explosives are especially suited for explosive demolition. An explosive charge is a measured quantity of explosive material, which may either be composed solely of one ingredient or be a mixture containing at least two. From laboratories to blasting faces and from production lines to training rooms, all epc groupe teams develop and implement the most innovative and effective solutions to. Army as a main charge explosive for the 120mm im het ammunition. Minimum burning pressures of waterbased emulsion explosives. Sensitivity is a measure of the ease with which an explosive can be detonated by heat, friction or shock and of its ability to propagate that detonation. Unlike other explosive materials, such as tnt or petn, etn is much easier to manufacture and has positive oxygen balance, which gives it a better performance. The sticky consistency of simex can assist the retention of the explosive in upholes.
Erythritol tetranitrate or etn is an explosive compound. Pentrite ns formed by regular crystals of very small size and is designed to be used in pharmaceutical industry or as raw material for production of special explosives. Explosives manufacturers companies in the united states. However, in comparison to insensitive explosive nto, which is highly soluble in water 16 gl, it should pose a lower level of concern when considering the environmental effects of unexploded or partially exploded charges. How to make semtex semtex is a powerful explosive that is widely used by terrorists.
Army has begun phasing out the use of the explosive tnt in artillery. Epx1 explosive contains pentaerythritol tetranitrate petn with different particle size as explosive filler bonded by nonenergetic thermoplastic binder plasticized by dibutyl phthalate dbp. Owing to its high sensitivity and good reliability characteristics, this hns is used as initiation explosive in slapper detonators the surface area is above 10 m. Spectra energy stockholders overwhelmingly approve merger. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. It provides solutions specifically tailored to clients needs and has considerable experience. Epx1 is a new plastic explosive in the research stage which has been prepared for military and civilian applications. The purpose of this blog is to share the latest news and helpful information with the public. Insensitive high explosives encyclopedia article citizendium.